What it means
A hope researcher and professor who leads the Hope Research Center at the University of Oklahoma. He studies hope as a psychological strength amid trauma and adversity, showing it can be measured, taught, and strengthened.
ICM field application · illustrative
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- Where it shows up
- A program markets hope as simply telling people to stay positive.
- A useful move
- Explore Hellman's goals, pathways, and agency research, then ask what real routes and support participants have for reaching a goal they choose.
- What this does not prove
- A hope measure or theory is not proof that a particular program reduced violence.
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